90 documentos etiquetados con "Seismicity"

Display modes, wireframe views, and distance measuring tools for 3D visualisations

Activity rate is monitored on a short-term and medium-term basis. Short and medium-term hotpots are listed in two tables based on pre-defined activity rate thresholds and users can switch between short and medium-term monitoring modes. Each hotspot can be highlighted and there are automatic controls for level plan and longsection views. An alert popup message is triggered when a new hotspot has been detected when there were no hotspots beforehand.

Understanding the relationship between seismic energy and moment parameters.

Why event magnitudes differ between software and how to calculate them.

Events are split into two tables, to separate current event alerts from the rest of the events below the defined thresholds. New events are automatically added to each table but the user can override and move events between tables.

The event quality application has a number of tools to review your seismic data and check for problems or anomalies. This is also a place where you can define what is a ‘quality' event that is used in every other app in the Seismic Suite.

Overview

The excavation hazard is calculated on minodes that represent underground tunnels as a series of connected nodes. For more information on minodes and to find out how to create or update them, go to this page: Minode Generator

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

The fault hazard analysis works just like the main Hazard Assessment app except the grid sources are limited to just the fault locations.

The fault productivity analysis works by accumulating events and blasts onto the faults. The contribution of each event and blast is distance-weighted with an S-curve function similar to the Grid-based Analysis app. The distance is calculated to fault vertices so use the "Detail Level" control if you want to make the distance more accurate (but slow down the calculations). The maximum bandwidth of the weighting function varies between Rmin and Rmax according to the local magnitude of the event and the tonnage of the blast. The user can set the variables that describe the bandwidth function.

This app is all about analysing seismically active faults. There are three ways of ranking seismic faults:

Specialised assessment of seismically active faults and related hazards.

Discover how to create complex filter setups for specific analysis tasks

Grid & Plane Setup window

You can pick any grid cell to view the frequency magnitude chart of events found in the local area. This is the b-value used for this grid point. The b-value is a very sensitive parameter in hazard calculations, and there are cases where the automatic FM modelling algorithm may not work well. There are several markers to help identify potential areas where the FM model may not represent the data accurately:

The General Analysis app in mXrap serves as a core tool for comprehensive analysis of mine seismicity and related geotechnical data. It provides flexible tools for filtering, visualising, and interpreting seismic events and other datasets using 3D views, charts and tables. This app forms the foundation for many seismic and general geotechnical investigations within the mXrap platform.

Core exploratory tool with 3D views, charts, tables, filters, selections, VTM, event density isosurfaces, and moment tensor visualisation.

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

Survey Setup

The Grid and Plane Setup window is used to control which grid and planes are active for analysis across the application. Multiple planes can be selected depending upon the analysis objective. Use the 3D view to verify the spatial coverage of selected grid and planes prior to commencing the analysis.

A grid defines the three-dimensional analysis volume surrounding the area of interest. The grid is discretized into regularly spaced cells, onto which seismic parameters are interpolated based on the active analysis controls.

The Grid Point Investigation workflow in the Grid-Based Analysis follows a similar methodology to that used in the Hazard Assessment application. This consistency allows users to apply familiar investigative techniques when transitioning between applications, while maintaining comparable interpretation frameworks.

The Grid-based Analysis application can be used to evaluate the spatial distribution of various seismic parameters. There are a range of source parameter options available, and they can give indications to the rock mass behaviour. Some parameters can be considered as a proxy (stand-in) for rock mass stress, while other parameters can be a proxy for the amount of deformation. There are also parameters available that are associated with the rock mass mechanism or event type.

Grid-based seismic hazard assessment using seismic data for spatial hazard mapping and analysis.

Grid Based Analysis Parameters

Evaluating the spatial distribution of various seismic parameters.

If you pick a minode in the 3D View, the grid point sources that contribute to the hazard at that minode will be plotted, scaled by how much they contribute. Theoretically, every grid point contributes to the hazard at a minode, but there is an accuracy threshold applied with a minimum probability to speed up the calculations. Increasing the accuracy will result in more contributing grid point sources.

Configure spatial grids for seismic analysis and visualisation in mXrap

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

You can plot the GMPE in a couple of different ways:

Calculating peak particle velocity from seismic events.

Overview

Probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation based on grid and spatial methods.

Estimating seismic hazard for work areas using excavation view analysis.

The hazard assessment app is designed to be simple to use but beneath the interface is a lot of complexity. It is important to be familiar with the underlying calculations and ensure that you are aware of the assumptions and limitations of the analysis. The calculations have been described in the linked pages below.

There are three types of isosurfaces that can be plotted in the Hazard Isosurfaces window. The details behind the calculation of each parameter is linked in the pages below:

Interpreting hazard isosurfaces and spatial distribution of seismic events.

Grid Definition

Grid & Plane Setup window

Analysing seismicity around large events

Analysis of large magnitude seismic events including ground motions, source mechanics, and precursory trends.

This window is used to assess the event location and mechanism quality. As events move away from the seismic array, the relative location error for a given magnitude is expected to increase, as well as the confidence in the location accuracy.

This window is used to investigate tagged blast locations from the events database and compare them with the blast locations set in the Blasts table to determine potential accuracy or offset issues with the system. In order to conduct this analysis, you first need to have tagged blasts. For IMS users, this information isn’t imported automatically. Please contact them to obtain the event tags database. For ESG users, the tags are imported automatically. You will however need to verify the meaning of these events to make sure they pass the quality filter.

Mine Geometry Model Minode Generator is a new utility app which enables you to generate your own new minodes from a mine geometry model. If you're not sure what minodes are or why you would want to generate them, see What are minodes? If you're not sure what mine geometry models are, see Mine Geometry Models Application.

Stope, cave and development geometry is a fundamental aspect of most geotechnical analysis. Mine geometry also varies over time and capturing these changes is critical in any back analysis or numerical modelling that investigates stability or monitoring parameters over time. This is a utility app to create models of mine geometry that can be exported to facilitate a wide range of applications such as:

Level 4 - Intermediate

Dedicated to analysing blast-related seismicity using Modified Omori Law fitting, cumulative event distributions, and related charts for quantifying decay patterns.

Introduction

A plane represents a two-dimensional surface within the three-dimensional analysis volume.

This page is currently under development. Please check back soon for detailed documentation on plane fitting.

Principal authors: Dan Cumming-Potvin, Kyle Woodward

Tools for fitting planes to seismic event clusters.

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

Why can't I see this event in mXrap?

This window analyses the paste flow along the defined reticulation path.

This app is based on the Rockburst Damage Potential (RDP) system developed by Dan Heal (2010). This app provides an environment to edit the E1, E2, E3 and E4 components of the RDP system as well as to display and interrogate these components, the excavation vulnerability potential (EVP), the PPV factor and the RDP.

Level 3 - Beginner

Physical meaning and calculation methods for seismic energy and moment.

Dedicated checks and validation of seismic event data quality.

The seismic monitoring system consists of three applications:

Real-time/basic monitoring apps (including Standard and Enhanced versions, plus setup tools) for event alerts, activity rates, and exclusion zones.

Quick reference guide to seismic source parameters and their meanings.

The Seismic-Production Balance app focuses on investigating the link between seismicity and production, specifically the balance between the two.

Quantifying effects of input parameter variations on seismic hazard.

This window is set up to conduct sensitivity analysis based on the trendline fit obtained in the previous window. It allows you to exclude current sensors and add planned sensors to see how the sensitivity changes across your mine.

This window is used to set the different variables to calculate the trendline in your data to be able to do the sensitivity assessment. Simply follow the steps through the window menu at the top (see figure).

The following steps are required to setup the activity rate monitor.

The following 4 steps are required to setup all monitoring windows (including the activity rate monitor).

This window is designed to contrast short-term grid-based parameters with long-term cumulative parameters, enabling more informed interpretation of seismic response and rock mass behaviour.

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

Supports short-term seismic response evaluation to select large events and blast triggers.

Events are displayed in a 3D viewer and listed in a table. There are automatic view controls for longsection and level plan mode. You can select an event to view its details and go to the nearest level plan. The user is alerted to new events if they are over a specified magnitude. A popup alert message will appear even if the window is minimised.

This window is for the assessment of short-term responses. Triggers are selected from the list and response events for the selected triggers can be assessed with several tools:

Fill Stresses

The Standard Analysis window is the primary workspace of the Grid-Based Analysis application. It provides interactive visualization and analysis of seismic source parameters interpolated onto the selected grid and planes.

Separating clustered and background seismic events using stochastic methods.

Switch between file formats, export decimated surveys for reduced file sizes, export surveys with translated or swapped coordinates, and combine multiple surveys into a single output file.

Configure survey imports, file formats, and troubleshoot display issues in mXrap

The System Design app is used for analysing the seismic system design (historical, current and future). It is set up with various tools to assess system sensitivity ($M_$) and location and mechanism quality. Follow the links in the Key Learning Process section for the documentation on each window.

Assists with seismic monitoring network planning, sensor placement optimisation, coverage evaluation, and system sensitivity assessment.

A key criteria when designing a seismic system is establishing the lowest magnitude that the system can reliably record ($M$), referred to as the system sensitivity. The $M{min}$ the system is designed for can vary in space and time as it will depend on the application of the system (Rock mass monitoring, Hazard assessment, Damage location).

Time charts plot various hazard parameters over time, or, by time of day:

That is the question. An explainer on seismic hazard measurement.

Hazard can be tracked over time by specifying a number of time steps and a step interval. The back analysis tool will step the backdate backward through time and summarise the hazard within each mining volume. Mining volumes can be defined in the Configuration area (link to filter volume editing page). The hazard within each mining volume is calculated by accumulating the hazard within each grid cell or for each minode within the volume.

Understanding short-term seismic response to triggers and methods for analysing aftershock sequences.

This window analyses the UCS testing data stored in '#Standard Data/Paste/Paste Database.csv'. The expected columns are:

The Void Ratio window allows users to calculate and visualize Void Ratio using the Mine Geometry Model (MGM). This analysis provides spatial context for excavation intensity and rock mass removal around grid points or minodes.

The paste volume calcs use the mine geometry app to input surveyed geometry. Paste is deposited into the geometry from a specified pouring location. The path of the paste flow is simulated according to the beach angle. The beach angle informs the maximum horizontal spread of the paste. The effect of overburden pressure (pushing paste uphill) or additional flow effects are not considered.

MUL refers to the truncating magnitude of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution